Industrial Explosion Protection ATEX Technologies Overview
Commonly begins with the ignition of a fuel that burns very rapidly.
Produces a large and sudden release of gas
An explosion need not involve a fire.
When a container bursts from increased internal pressure, sudden release also called an explosion.
Secondary dust explosions, due to inadequate housekeeping and excessive dust accumulations.
Secondary dust explosions due to propagation through interconnected ducts, chutes, conveyors, …etc.
SECONDARY EXPLOSIONS ARE THE MAIN THREAT TO PERSONNEL AND PROPERTY!
Flame Speed 30 ft/s
30 ft/s (9m/s)
Pressure Wave 1100 ft/s
1100 ft/s (335 m/s)
Chemical
Petrochemical
Grain
Food
Pharmaceutical
Aerosol
Steel
Cement
Wood
•Ingredion (National Starch)
•Firmenich
•Givaudan Roure
Food Additives
•Solae Company
•International Flavors and Fragrances
Sugar •Western Sugar•American Sugars•Imperial Sugars•American Crystal Sugars，Dairy Products (powder) •Kraft Foods•AC Humco•Nestles
Dust Collectors Reactors
Bins, Hoppers, Silos
Pneumatic Conveying
Mechanical Conveying
Cyclones
Dryers (Spray, Fluid Bed, Rotary)
Mixers, Blenders
Mills, Grinders, Pulverizers
Deflagration Pressure vs. Time
ST Classification:ST-1, ST-2, ST-3; Rst Value:1-200;201-300,301-above
Example:Pittsburgh
seam
coal has a Kst
of 129 bar-m/sec,making
it an ST-1 dust Applicable
Codes (USA)
